{UTF-8} ******************************************************** .ammoniak lechatelier ********************************************************~ Simulation: Peter Bützer | Dim= 1*1 ~ 1/K ~ | R= 8.31441*1 ~ J/K ~ Allgemeine Gaskonstante | Ea= 150000 ~ J [80000,239000,10000] ~ Aktivierungsenergie: ca. 90000 J/mol mit sehr gutem Katalysator, ohne ca. \ 239000 J/mol | K= 134408*EXP(-0.021*Temperatur*Dim)*7e-007*p^(2.0461)/(2*0.00798375) ~ 1/(mol*mol) [0,10] ~ Gleichgewichtskonstanten aus Trendlinie von realen Daten, Referenz-Wert \ bei 773 K/100 bar | kv= 340000*EXP(-Ea/(R*Temperatur)) ~ 1/(Second*mol*mol*mol) [1e-006,0.1,1e-006] ~ Reaktionsgeschwindigkeitskonstante: Beeinflusst durch den Katalysator; mit \ Katalysator ca. 0.03, ohne etwa 8000 mal langsamer | RGs= IF THEN ELSE(N2*H2<=0, 0, (-kv*H2*H2*H2*N2+kr*NH3*NH3)) ~ mol/Second [0,?] ~ | ke= 0 ~ mol/Second [0,0.01,0.001] ~ Entfernen vom Produkt Ammoniak | E= IF THEN ELSE(NH3<=0.01, 0, ke ) ~ mol/Second [0,0.01] ~ Entfernen von NH3 | Temperatur= 773 ~ K [500,900] ~ Aktuelle Temperatur; Erste Apparatur von Haber: 500°C = 773 K, technisch \ heute 720K | Kb= NH3*NH3/(H2*H2*H2*N2) ~ 1/(mol*mol) ~ Berechnete Gleichgewichtskonstante, wenn der Druck verändert wird | p= 200 ~ Dmnl [2,1000] ~ Relativer Druck als Faktor. Druck; mit dem Druck werden die Anzahl Mole \ pro Volumen verändert, doppelter Druck heisst doppelte Anzahl Mole im \ gleichen Volumen, technisch ca. 200 bar (heute ca. 150-200 bar). | H2= INTEG ( RGw+ZH, 3) ~ mol [0,?] ~ | ZH= 0 ~ mol/Second [0,0.01,0.001] ~ Zufuhr von H2: Wasserstoff | N2= INTEG ( RGs+ZN, 1) ~ mol [0,?] ~ | NH3= INTEG ( -E-RGs, 2) ~ mol [0,?] ~ | ZN= 0 ~ mol/Second [0,0.01,0.001] ~ Zufuhr von N2: Stickstoff | RGw= RGs*3 ~ mol/Second [0,?] ~ | kr= kv/K ~ 1/(Second*mol) [0,?] ~ Reaktionsgeschwindigkeitskonstante der Rückreaktion: K=kv/kr | ******************************************************** .Control ********************************************************~ Simulation Control Parameters | FINAL TIME = 300 ~ Second ~ The final time for the simulation. | INITIAL TIME = 0 ~ Second ~ The initial time for the simulation. | SAVEPER = TIME STEP ~ Second [0,?] ~ The frequency with which output is stored. | TIME STEP = 0.1 ~ Second [0,?] ~ The time step for the simulation. | \\\---/// Sketch information - do not modify anything except names V300 Do not put anything below this section - it will be ignored *View 1 $192-192-192,0,Helvetica|12||0-0-0|0-0-0|0-0-255|-1--1--1|-1--1--1|96,96,100,0 10,1,H2,317,86,32,16,3,3,0,4,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,255-0-0,|12||0-0-0 10,2,N2,316,164,32,16,3,3,0,4,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,128-192-0,|12||0-0-0 10,3,NH3,471,164,32,16,3,3,0,4,0,0,0,0,0-0-0,255-255-0,|12||0-0-0 1,4,5,1,68,0,0,22,2,64,0,-1--1--1,|12||0-0-0,1|(368,87)| 11,5,412,393,87,5,6,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,6,RGw,393,104,20,10,40,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,7,9,3,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(418,164)| 1,8,9,2,68,0,0,22,2,0,0,-1--1--1,|12||0-0-0,1|(368,164)| 11,9,508,393,164,5,6,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,10,RGs,393,180,18,10,40,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,11,2,9,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(364,130)| 10,12,kv,334,225,10,10,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,13,kr,455,227,9,10,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,14,12,9,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(362,208)| 1,15,13,9,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(418,197)| 1,16,1,9,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(374,116)| 10,17,K,381,304,7,10,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,18,12,13,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(389,225)| 1,19,17,13,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(429,282)| 12,20,48,480,88,10,8,0,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,21,5,20,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(434,87)| 1,22,9,5,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(400,129)| 1,23,3,9,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(442,130)| 12,24,0,812,507,227,154,3,188,0,0,1,0,0,0 Konzentrationen 12,25,48,584,165,10,8,0,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,26,28,25,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(559,165)| 1,27,28,3,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(518,165)| 11,28,48,539,165,5,6,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,29,E,539,182,7,10,40,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 12,30,48,203,87,10,8,0,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,31,33,1,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(269,86)| 1,32,33,30,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(228,86)| 11,33,48,248,86,5,6,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,34,ZH,248,103,12,10,40,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 12,35,48,201,160,10,8,0,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 1,36,38,2,4,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(266,160)| 1,37,38,35,100,0,0,22,0,0,0,-1--1--1,,1|(224,160)| 11,38,48,243,160,5,6,34,3,0,0,1,0,0,0 10,39,ZN,243,176,12,10,40,3,0,0,-1,0,0,0 10,40,p,291,306,6,10,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 10,41,Kb,499,282,11,10,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,42,1,41,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(450,199)| 1,43,2,41,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(437,272)| 1,44,3,41,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(508,217)| 12,45,0,303,509,241,155,3,188,0,0,1,0,0,0 Gleichgewicht 10,46,Temperatur,199,272,42,10,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,47,46,17,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(308,268)| 10,48,ke,498,119,11,10,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,49,48,28,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(533,134)| 1,50,3,28,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(516,140)| 1,51,40,17,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(327,299)| 10,52,Ea,216,214,12,10,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,53,52,12,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(266,214)| 1,54,46,12,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(299,239)| 10,55,R,231,315,11,13,8,131,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,56,55,12,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(317,250)| 10,57,Dim,459,329,17,10,8,3,0,0,0,0,0,0 1,58,57,17,1,0,0,0,0,64,0,-1--1--1,,1|(424,310)| ///---\\\ :GRAPH Konzentrationen :TITLE Konzentrationen :X-AXIS Time :X-DIV 10 :SCALE :VAR H2 :LINE-WIDTH 2 :VAR N2 :LINE-WIDTH 2 :VAR NH3 :LINE-WIDTH 2 :GRAPH Gleichgewicht :TITLE Gleichgewichtskonstante :X-AXIS Time :SCALE :VAR Kb :LINE-WIDTH 2 :L<%^E!@ 1:Current.vdf 9:Current 23:0 15:0,0,0,1,0,0 19:100,0 27:2, 34:0, 4:Time 5:p 24:0 25:300.009 26:300.009